Plan your hedge in advance, calculate the spacing, prepare the soil, and be ready to give it the watering & trimming it needs during the first couple of years of growth.
5-minute videos: how to plant bareroot country hedges and how to plant formal hedges.
Hedge plants should have a good ratio of root to shoot, so younger hedge plants up to 80cm tall with their slim roots, which can still be slit planted, are more convenient. Larger hedging, with its bulky roots, is harder to plant, requiring more digging.
A new hedge needs water in dry weather (irrigation pipes make this chore easy), regular weeding or mulch fabric to suppress weeds, and in the countryside protection from rodents and deer: spiral guards with bamboo supports are usually enough, but if deer pressure is high then sturdier tree guards with small stakes are wise, unless you fence off the area.
In our experience, deer repellents are effective until a hungry deer in winter braves them for a meal!
Ready the Ground: In late summer, use weedkiller or cut the weeds short and smother them with polypropylene weed control fabric. Doing this early is best, it allows time for a second weeding.
Hedge spacing:
Almost all bareroot hedging is 33cm apart, 3 plants per metre for a single row, or 5 plants per metre in stockproof, staggered double rows 45cm apart (for a wildlife hedge, leave up to 100cm between rows).
For a country hedging grant, the approval document tells you the spacing to use.
Formal hedges can be 3 plants per metre for boundary hedges or 2 per metre for interior hedges and large rootballed plants.
Box (Buxus) hedging is best planted at 5 per metre, 20cm apart.
When to Plant Hedging
• Prime bareroot hedge planting season starts in November and ends in March; in Scotland, it can go on for another four weeks.
• Evergreens such as Yew and Laurel can be planted from early Autumn onwards, while deciduous plants, such as Beech or Hawthorn, should wait until a little later, between November and March or April, depending on the weather.
• Pot-grown hedge plants can be planted year round.
Good planting days are overcast and still, with a drizzle forecast afterwards; on sunny, windy days, the roots will dry out quickly when left out of the bag or bucket.
Keep hedging in bags for up to a week, in the shade, to prevent overheating or roots drying out. Don't stack bags.
Never move plants when the ground is frozen or covered with snow. Leave them where they are until the ground thaws. Read more on planting in cold weather.
If planting is delayed for over a week after delivery, heel bareroot plants into a trench at a 45-degree angle, covering the roots well with soft soil. It will keep for weeks like this.
Keeping the roots slightly damp is important, but do not keep any plants in a bucket of water: a 30-second dunk is great.
Slit or Trench Planting
Slit planting is the easiest way to plant bareroot hedging of 60/80cm or less, as in our video on how to plant a country hedge. Have a bucket of water to hold the plants.
Push your spade into the soil, to the depth of the roots.
Rock backwards and forwards to widen the slit. For a bigger slit, cut at right angles to the first slit to make a T or L shaped notch.
Take a plant from the bucket, sweep the roots into the hole from one side without squashing them.
Firm hedging in well with the ball of your foot: don't damage the bark, but be really firm.
The root collars should finish at or slightly above soil level: don't plant them deep.
We recommend planting in teams of three for large jobs. One makes the slit, one sweeps the roots down into it, and one firms the soil back in, checking it's at the right level. An amateur team ought to manage 500 plants a day, or 100 metres of double rot hedging.
Pit or trench planting is for pot-grown hedging and larger bareroots, generally on plants over 100cm tall, as in our video on formal hedge planting.
Dig a hole big enough for the roots and centre the plant in the hole with the root collar barely below ground level. Replace the soil, gently tugging the plant as you firm it and the soil settles round the roots; the root collar ends up at, or slightly above, soil level.
When putting replacements into existing hedging, cut a hole in the hedge and work over a section of soil, improving it with compost.
Hedge plant protection: Rural locations usually need our perforated spirals against rabbits and voles, and bamboo canes to hold the spiral up with the young plant. For trees that you want to grow above the hedge, we suggest using tree guards and stakes.
Aftercare
All Hedges:
1. Water when it is dry: new hedges are on "water life support" for their first summer at least. We recommend an irrigation system like a leaky pipe. Otherwise, soak the soil around your plants twice a week in dry weather.
2. Hoe down weeds and grass for about 75cm on either side of your hedge; hand-pull weeds that grow out from under mulch fabric right next to your plants.
3. Firm the soil back down after a frost, or if your plants are pushed around by the wind: put up a temporary windbreak if necessary.
4. Check the hedge to remove and record losses; replace them in one go next planting season. Do not be concerned if evergreens drop their leaves.
5. Mulch yearly, when the soil is moist and warm.
Weeds kill hedging, more than rabbits in most gardens. Mulches suppress weeds and preserve soil moisture, which gives an astonishing boost to your hedge's growth rate!
• Organic mulches are best for garden hedging, including grass clippings, compost, woodchips, cardboard, carpet felt and Rocketgro Mulch, only don't pile it up around the trunks of your new plants.
• One application of weed control fabric, woven plastic mulch, lasts for years.
Hedge Trimming is the key to dense, bushy foliage.
Developing hedges are best cut in autumn, winter, or very early spring, any time the weather is not freezing.
A mature hedge can be trimmed any time.
Cut mixed country hedging back to 6-8inches (15-20cm) immediately after planting, this creates several low side shoots when it starts to grow in Spring: the base of a bushy hedge.
• Reduce those new shoots by 50% in the autumn/winter following planting.
• Trim gently every winter thereafter, until desired height is reached.
• One rough cut per year is all mature hedges need. Aim to leave 2-3cm of growth from the previous year.
Hedgerow trees like Ash, Oak, or Silver Birch are planted in the same way as a hedging plant, but only their lowest branches are pruned off, to encourage a single trunk. A short tree shelter is convenient, so their tops aren't trimmed with the rest of the hedge.
Hedge Laying is used to regenerate old country hedges. Well-planted hedging is stock-proof in about 5 years and, if trimmed every 1-2 years, it should be over 50 years before it first needs laying. If you want to lay your hedge for the practice, you could do so from the 5th year onwards.
Trim formal hedging only lightly; do not trim the leading stem of Yew at all until it reaches the desired height. With small beech plants, you can pinch out the last leaf buds at the tips of each stems by hand.
• To look their best, mature formal hedges like Beech and Privet require clipping twice a year; slow growers like Box and Yew are fine with one.
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